Hi Ian,
If it is iron oxide the 3 possible sources we found after investigating various CS3 customer complaints about 10 years ago were:
1/RO input raw water tank which on inspection was antiquated and grossly contaminated (iron bacteria),problem resolved after in depth clean from inside tank.
2/Bicarb cartridge (not Gambro) contamination which was visible as a grey line when fluid filled,there were 2 raw material suppliers identified Solvay and Brunner Mond but I can't recall which was the offending product but it was a short term problem due to lack of high quality medical grade bicarb raw material from normal supplier.
3/Sodium hypochlorite 5% - contamination having been produced in a steel tank.
4/Also from my Sheffield NHS days either groundwater sources (most common) or reservoirs fed by streams running through iron deposits can have high levels,they try to reduce this by manual dosing with an aluminum oxide as a flocculant which was problematical as it caused brain damage before it was discovered and removed.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1568504/http://www.filtsep.com/water-and-wastewater/features/ground-water-dealing-with-iron-contamination/
www.healthtec.co.uk